Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Specialist in Pune: Dr. Vikrant Kale

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a broad term that represents a group of intestinal disorders that cause prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract. The two most common inflammatory bowel diseases are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Dr. Vikrant Kale has successfully completed Fellowship in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from Oxford University (UK) in 2018 and has experience in treating various IBD diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. These things make an IBD Specialist in Pune or Crohn’s & Colitis specialist in Pune. If you have to face any problem with IBD Disease then you must visit Dr. Vikrant Kale for expert advice.

What are the types of IBD?
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the main types of IBD. Types include:

Crohn’s disease: Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract between the mouth and the anus. However, it most commonly develops in the final section of the small intestine and colon. They also suggest that Crohn’s disease is most likely to develop when a person is aged 20–29
Ulcerative colitis: This condition causes inflammation in the large intestine or colon.
Microscopic colitis causes intestinal inflammation that’s only detectable with a microscope.
What are the symptoms of IBD?
inflammation and where it occurs. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cause similar symptoms. some common symptoms are:

Persistent diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding/bloody stools
Weight loss
Rarely, IBD may also cause:

Fatigue
Fever
Itchy, red, painful eyes
Joint pain
Nausea and vomiting
Skin rashes and sores (ulcers)
Vision problems
If you notice the above symptoms then you must visit the IBD Specialist Gastroenterologist in Pune because People with IBD have a higher risk of developing colon (colorectal) cancer.

How is IBD diagnosed?
The Diagnosis process of IBD is important because Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cause similar symptoms due to this accurate diagnosis are very important. Dr. Vikrant Kale IBD Specialist in Pune who diagnose patient with below test such asYou may also get one or more of these diagnostic tests:

Colonoscopy: It is used to examine the large and small intestines.
EUS (endoscopic ultrasound): It is used to check the digestive tract for swelling and ulcers.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: It is used to examine the inside of the rectum and anus.
Imaging scan: These tests include CT scan or MRI
Upper endoscopy: It helps to examine the digestive tract from the mouth to the start of the small intestine.
IBD Treatment in Pune:
Dr. Vikrant Kale provides the best treatment for IBD disease in Pune The most common treatments for IBD are medications and surgery, which the sections below will discuss in more detail.

Medication: Medications can help control inflammation so you don’t have symptoms
Surgery: Surgery is needed when medications no longer provide symptom relief. As per Data 7 in 10 people with Crohn’s disease eventually need surgery and after 30+ years of living with ulcerative colitis, about 1 in 3 people need surgery.
How can I prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
While there isn’t anything you can do to prevent IBD, certain dietary and lifestyle changes may control the symptoms. You can:

Eat smaller meals every two to four hours.
Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as meditation.
Get plenty of sleep and stay physically active.
Keep a food diary to identify foods that trigger IBD flares.
Reduce foods that irritate the intestines.
How to Book Appointment With IBD Specialist in Pune :
In Pune, most gastroenterologists treat IBD disease but Dr. Vikrant Kale is a gastroenterologist in Pune who can successfully complete Fellowship in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Upper & Lower GI Endoscopy from Oxford University (UK) in 2018. Also, his special interests are in Inflammatory bowel disease (Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Microscopic colitis) treatment. Also, He has done around 3000 gastroscopies, 2000 colonoscopies, and 700 ERCPs until now. These make him one of the best IBD Specialists in Pune. For more information about our comprehensive treatment options, or to request an appointment with the best Gastroentrologist in Pune call 07558423708 or Click on Book Appointment for online booking with your near hospital

A Designer’s practical guide to ARINC 429 standard specification [2021]

For ease of design implementation and data communications, signal levels, timing, and protocol characteristics are specified.

ARINC 429 is designed to provide the interchangeability and interface of commercial aircraft Line Replaceable Units (LRUs).

As in a layman’s term, ARINC protocol is designed to support communication in the Local Area Network (LAN) of the avionics

ARINC 429 is also known as the Mark 33 Digital Information Transfer System (DITS) bus. Although used mostly in the field of avionics, these buses are also used in the field of ground vehicles, weapons systems, and other commercial and military equipment.

The word structure, the electrical component characteristics, and the protocol needed for the requirement of successful communication is defined in the specifications. The Simplex, twisted shielded pair data bus standard Mark 33 DITS bus is used by ARINC 429. Both the hardware and data formats needed for bus transmission are specified by ARINC 429.

A single connected transmitter or source consists of the hardware connected to from 1-20 receivers or sinks on one twisted wire pair. Data can only be transmitted in one direction (unidirectional connection), for bi-directional communication, it requires two channels or buses. FPGA

In a star or bus-drop topology, the modules, line replaceable units or LRUs, are most commonly configured. Multiple transmitters and receivers communicating on separate buses can be present in each LRU. Figure 1 shows the preferred connection topologies for the data bus. This simple architecture provides a highly efficient transfer of data, almost node-to-node connectivity.

A transmitter can only talk to a number of bus receivers, up to 20 on a single wire pair, with each receiver monitoring the related data continuously, but not accepting data reception. When large quantities of data have been transmitted, a transmitter can require acknowledgment from a receiv

As compared to a hard-wired handshake, this handshaking is done using a specific word style. Two twisted pairs comprising two channels are sufficient to carry information back and forth, one for each direction when this two-way communication format is needed.

The transmission of the LRU source consists of 32-bit words containing a portion of 24-bit data containing the actual data and an 8-bit label describing the data itself. LRUs do not have an address assigned by ARINC 429, but rather an equipment ID numbers that allow device management and file transfer of equipment to be grouped into systems

A null or zero voltage of at least 4 bits distinguishes sequential words. By using this null interval between words, a separate clock signal is unnecessary. That’s why this signal is known as a self-clocking signal. Transmission rates can be either at a low speed of 12.5 kHz or a high speed of 100 kHz.

For the transfer bus media, a 78 x shielded twisted pair cable is used. The shield needs to be grounded at either end and all junctions along the bus. The transmitting source output impedance should be 75Ω ± 5Ω equally split between Line A and Line B.

This balanced output should closely match the cable impedance. There must be a minimum effective input impedance of 8k x for the receiving sink. There is no definition of the maximum length, as it depends on the number of sink receivers, the drain of the sink, and the source power

Most systems are designed for less than 150 feet, but if conditions permit, they can be extended up to 300 feet and beyond. Fig 2 shows the cable attributes for the ARINC 429.

ARINC 429 assigns the first 8 bits as the wordmark, bits 9 and 10 are the Source-Destination Indicator (SDI), bits 11 through to 28 provide data information, bits 29 through to 31 are the Sign-Status Matrix (SSM), and bit 32 is a Parity Bit.

ARINC 429 data words are 32-bit words made up of five primary fields:• Parity – 1-bit

ARINC uses odd parity as an error check to ensure precise data reception. The number of transmitted Logic 1s in each word is an odd number, with bit 32 set or cleared to get the odd count. ARINC 429 specifies no method of error correction, only error detection.

Depending on the word Label, which indicates the form of data is being transmitted, the SSM field may provide different information. This field can be used to view the word information’s sign or location or to report the operating status of the source system and is dependent on the data type.

Bit 31 Bit 30 Status (BCD)

0 0 Plus, North, East, Right, To, Above

0 1 No Computed Data (NCD)

1 0 Functional Test (FT)

1 1 Minus, South, West, Left, From, Below

Table 1. SSM for BCD format

Bit 31 Bit 30 Status (BNR)

0 0 Failure Warning

0 1 No Computed Data (NCD)

1 0 Functional Test (FT)

1 1 Normal Operation

Table 2. SSM for BNR format

• Data – 19-bits

ARINC 429 identifies bits 11-29 as those which contain the data information for the word. The data pieces, indeed the entire word of ARINC 429, can be formatted very flexibly. When the data words are transmitted on the ARINC bus, the mark is transmitted first, MSB first, followed by the remainder of the bit field, LSB first.

• Source/Destination Identifier (SDI) – 2-bits

Bits 9-10 are used by the Source/Destination Identifier-SDI-and are optional under the ARINC 429 specification. To determine the receiver, the data is intended for the SDI may be used to identify the source that transmits the data or by several receivers. Instead of using them as an SDI sector, bits 9-10 can be used for higher resolution data.

The SDI is interpreted as an extension to the term Label when used as an identifier.

• Label – 8-bits

The mark is used to define the word’s data type (BNR, BCD, Discrete, etc.) and may contain instructional or data reporting information. Labels can be further refined by using the first 3-bits of the data field, Bits 11-13, as an Equipment Identifier to identify the bus transmission source. Equipment IDs are expressed in hexadecimal form as values.

In an ARINC transmission, the label is always sent first and is a necessary sector, as is the parity bit. Labels are first transmitted by MSB, followed by the remainder of the ARINC phrase, first transmitted by LSB

Data Types specified in ARINC 429:

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD):

The advantage of the Binary Coded Decimal technique is that each decimal digit is represented in the same way as Hexadecimal by a group of 4 binary digits/bits. So, for 10 decimal digits, we need a four-bit binary code (0-to-9). For displaying every decimal digit, the BCD format uses four bits of the data field.

To provide 5 binary values, up to 5 sub-fields can be used, with only 3 data field bits in the most significant sub-field. Bits 27-29 are padded with zeros if the Most Significant Digit is greater than 7 and the second sub-field becomes the Most Significant Digit, enabling the representation of 4 binary values instead of 5. The SSM field represents the sign of the data.

Binary Number Representation (BNR):

The fractional complement of the binary two. BNR coding stores information as a binary number. The sign of the data is stated with the bit 29, and a 1 indicates a negative number. MSB of the data is given by the bit 28.

Discrete Data:

It can be a combination of BNR, BCD, or ISO #5 bits. By setting or clearing predefined bits in the word data field, Pass/Fail, Activated/Non-Activated, and True/False conditions relating to device or subsystem operational activity can be described

Maintenance Data / Acknowledge:

Maintenance details and acknowledgment means duplex or two-way communication between source and sink. For the LRU to send and receive data, two ARINC channels are required, because ARINC 429 provides for single-way simplex transmission only. Maintenance messages typically involve the exchange of a series of messages and mostly use a bit-oriented protocol, such as the Williamsburg/Buckhorn protocol.

Williamsburg/Buckhorn Protoco

A bit-oriented protocol used to transfer files on the ARINC Data bus. If we require to transmit data more than 21 bits, file transfer protocol becomes a necessary and important factor. Source and sink units need to first create a handshake when initializing a file transfer with the bit-oriented protocol to decide a standard protocol that can be used by both the transmitter and the receiver.

A Word Send Request (RTS) containing a destination code and word count is transmitted. To ensure accuracy, the receiver responds with a Clear to Send word (CTS), re-transmitting back the destination and word count information. Upon verified receipt of the CTS files, the file transfer begins with the source.

Applications of ARINC 429 standard and Extending to other ARINC standards:

High reliability and small data rates at the cost of wire weight are provided by the unidirectional ARINC 429 network. In the early 1980s, the ARINC 429 was first used on the Airbus A-310 and the Boeing B-757 and B-767 aircraft.

In the 21st century, modern airplane designs continue to use the ARINC 429 bus for data transmission. The relative simplicity and integrity of the bus, as well as the ease of certification, are features that contribute to the continued selection of ARINC 429 buses when the required data bandwidth is not critical.

Military aircraft typically use a high-speed, bi-directional protocol specified in the Military Specifications of MIL-STD-1553. The interface DNx-429-516 ARINC-429 of United Electronic Industries (UEI) is intended for use with the company’s UEI Cube and RACKtangle chassis

It is compatible with the commercial aviation ARINC-429 data format. Few other manufacturers have developed ARINC 429 based devices such as the North Atlantic Industries offers the AR429/575 module and a broad range of ARINC-429 Interface boards is provided by Alta Data Technologies.

One particular item is the PMC-A429HD, which provides RX and TX ARINC-429 channels with 16, 32, or 48 channels. Interface cards such as USB 429, OmniBusBox II, OmniBus II PCIe, AB3000, and MX5 series for a range of computer platforms, box products as controllers or connected via USB or Ethernet, and related software tools are included in the Ballard ARINC 429 products from Astronics Corporation. A newer system is installed on the 777 listed as ARINC 629 by Boeing, and some aircraft are using alternative systems to try and reduce the necessary wire weight and exchange data at a higher rate than is possible with ARINC 429.

Bell Helicopters, Boeing 727, 737, 747, 757, and 767, and McDonnell Douglas MD-11 are equipped with ARINC 429, the majority of which are commercial transports, such as aircraft A310/A320 and A330/A340.

You might be interested to read other valuable article on ARINC 818 – 3 : Take a step ahead with an upgrade to ARINC 818 Revision 3 Avionics Digital Video Bus

How to use Sheen Striping Painting Technique to make your Home Shine?

Are you tired of the boring single-toned walls of your home? Wallpapers arean option to cheer up the ambience. But, they are not the only way to decorate your home. Explore the world of attractive painting techniques. Among many techniques thatadd depth to the walls, sheen striping is highly popular.

The Reason behind the Popularity of Sheen Striping

Distressed look is trendy, but it is popular for furniture, doors and windows.And, the sponging technique makes any DIY project easy. But, when you are looking for classy, sophisticated results, the sheen striping technique wins the race. The possibilities of adding a personal touch are enormous. There is no rule for deciding the colors and sheen. You can decide on the size of the stripes on your own.

The technique allows you to customize the painting project according to your style. If you do not want the trouble of buying matte and high gloss sheen of the same color, there is an option with you. You can add translucent glaze liquid to the matte paint and make it glossy for creating the stripes.

You can use the technique of sheen striping in any part of your home. So, do not worry if you want to give the bathroom walls a unique look with the technique. It will not look out of place. The high gloss stripes are ideal for areas susceptible to humidity, mold and mildew. The technique will add drama to the bathing area and allow you to experiment.

Sheen Striping adds Character to the Walls

Sheen striping andshadow stripesare different names of the same painting technique. It involves adding stripes of high gloss paint sheen on a flat base coat. The technique creates a whole new look and gives you a welcome break from the ordinary wallpapers.

• Find the Answers!

Before starting a painting project, you must visualize the outcome. Think of different color combinations and choose one that suits the room and creates the desired ambience for you. So, ask yourself a couple of questions and seek direction beforehand.

Do you like the stripes in the same color but with different sheen? Will you be comfortable with different colored stripes? If you are painting a formal dining room, same color stripes will help you to create a sophisticated, formal look. On the other hand, if you are painting a children’s play area or a kids’ bedroom, you can think of a multiples colors and brighten up the room.

• Paint it as You like it

It is your home and you can make it as unique as possible. So, let your imagination run free. You can consider sheen striping a single wall or the entire room. If you think that vertical stripes will make the ceiling look exceptionally higher, you can draw horizontal stripes and create a balanced look. Diagonal stripes and chevron print can also give character to a room and separate it from the usual vertical design.

Many homeowners want to break the monotony of stripes. If you want abstract designs or floral patterns on the wall, you can use the sheen striping technique. Simply, draw the pattern once the matte coat dries completely. Use same colored pencil so that you do not need to cover the pencil marks later. Remember that painting floral patterns are a tricky task because you cannot use painter’s tape to mark the area.

High gloss sheen allows you to stay away from boring flat walls. But, painting the entire wall with it is not a popular option because it can highlight the imperfections and flaws. The sheen striping technique combines the best of both the worlds and provides you with a balanced combination of flat finish and the glossy sheen. So, next time you want to add depth and dimension to a room, give a thought to the sheen striping painting technique and make your home beautiful.

Want to paint your home? Why not give it a dramatic touch with the sheen striping technique. Painting Contractor Toronto will help you to paint the walls beautifully and give a sophisticated look to your home. Get in touch with the expert Toronto painter for comprehensive residential home painting, condo painting and commercial painting services.